Alternativen zu Tierversuchen
Chargenprüfung
Fieber
Mikrobiologische Sicherheit
Eine wirklich humane Bestimmung von Endotoxinen und Nicht-Endotoxin-Pyrogenen
Übersichten
Abstract
A Truely Human(e) Determination of Endotoxins and Non-endotoxin Pyrogens
Pyrogen testing as a crucial safety test for many drugs and medical devices was traditionally performed in the rabbit or limulus (LAL) test. Following international validation and acceptance of novel monocyte activation tests (MAT) based on the human fever reaction in Europe and the US, a number of limitations of these assays could be overcome. Increasingly, they replace the still 110 000 rabbits used in Europe for pyrogen testing. In contrast to the LAL they detect non-endotoxin pyrogens. The variant of MAT presented here based on (cryopreserved) whole blood has found the broadest application because of its simplicity, standardization as internationally available kit, and the advantage to be able to bring the cell suspension also in direct contact with solid materials. The development, validation and the steadily expanding use of the method is described. For animal welfare reasons, it is today difficult to justify carrying still out a rabbit pyrogen test. Whenever non-endotoxin pyrogens or the potency of the given endotoxin in humans matters, the test has also clear advantages over the LAL.
Korrespondenz:
Thomas Hartung, MD, PhD, Doerenkamp-Zbinden Professor and Chair for Evidence-based Toxicology, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St., W7035, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; e-mail: thartung@jhsph.edu
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